What we cover
What the Class 12 Mathematics syllabus covers
CBSE splits the 2026-27 Class 12 maths syllabus into six units with fixed theory marks. Calculus fills four of the nine areas below: it carries 35 of the 80.
Unit marks come from CBSE's 2026-27 syllabus and match 2025-26. The board sets no weighting for single chapters, so revision covers every chapter.
Relations, functions and inverse trigonometry
Unit I · 8 marksStudents classify relations, test functions for one-to-one and onto, then meet inverse trigonometric functions, where marks are lost whenever an answer falls outside the principal value branch.
- Equivalence relations
- One-to-one and onto functions
- Principal value branches
Matrices and determinants
Unit II · 10 marksMatrix operations, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, determinants up to order 3, adjoints and inverses, then solving linear equations with a matrix inverse. One cofactor sign error can spoil a long answer.
- Matrix algebra
- Adjoint and inverse
- Systems of linear equations
Continuity and differentiability
Unit III · CalculusThe chain rule, implicit and parametric differentiation, logarithmic differentiation and second derivatives. Gaps left by limits and derivatives in Class 11 usually show up here first.
- Chain rule
- Implicit and parametric forms
- Logarithmic differentiation
Applications of derivatives
Unit III · CalculusRates of change, increasing and decreasing functions, and maxima and minima by the first and second derivative tests. Setting up the function to optimise is the hardest step.
- Rates of change
- Increasing and decreasing functions
- Maxima and minima
Integrals and areas
Unit III · CalculusSubstitution, partial fractions and integration by parts, the standard forms the syllabus lists, definite integrals and their properties, and areas under lines, circles, parabolas and ellipses in standard form.
- Methods of integration
- Properties of definite integrals
- Area under simple curves
Differential equations
Unit III · CalculusOrder and degree, general and particular solutions, separation of variables, homogeneous equations of first order and first degree, and linear equations dy/dx + py = q. Spotting the type comes first.
- Separation of variables
- Homogeneous equations
- Linear equations
Vectors and three-dimensional geometry
Unit IV · 14 marksDirection cosines and ratios, position vectors, dot and cross products, then lines in space: vector and Cartesian equations, angles between lines, skew lines and their shortest distance.
- Dot and cross products
- Equations of a line in space
- Shortest distance between skew lines
Linear programming
Unit V · 5 marksConstraints, the objective function and the graphical method for two variables, with bounded and unbounded feasible regions. Marks are lost to wrong shading or an untested corner point.
- Constraints and objective function
- Feasible regions
- Corner points
Probability
Unit VI · 8 marksConditional probability, the multiplication theorem, independent events, total probability and Bayes' theorem. Most errors begin by confusing the probability of A given B with that of B given A.
- Conditional probability
- Independent events
- Bayes' theorem