What we cover
What your child studies in CBSE Class 10 Science
The 2026-27 syllabus has five units. Chemistry and biology carry 25 board marks each and take the most lesson time; physics and the environment reward accurate method.
Periodic classification, evolution, and motors, electromagnetic induction and generators are taught and assessed in school this session; the board paper leaves them out.
Chemical reactions and equations
Unit I · ChemistryWriting and balancing equations, then naming the type: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation or redox. Marks slip when a learner edits a formula to balance; only coefficients may change.
- Balancing equations
- Types of reaction
- Oxidation and reduction
Acids, bases and salts
Unit I · ChemistryIndicators, pH and neutralisation, then the making and uses of sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda and plaster of Paris. Learners often confuse which salt comes from which reaction.
- pH scale
- Indicators
- Salts in daily life
Metals and non-metals
Unit I · ChemistryProperties of metals and non-metals, the reactivity series, ionic compounds, basic metallurgy and corrosion. The reactivity series decides most displacement answers, so securing it pays off across the chemistry section.
- Reactivity series
- Ionic compounds
- Corrosion
Carbon and its compounds
Unit I · ChemistryCovalent bonding, homologous series, naming compounds with functional groups, ethanol and ethanoic acid, and soaps and detergents. Naming and isomers are where confident learners still drop marks.
- Nomenclature
- Ethanol and ethanoic acid
- Soaps and detergents
Life processes
Unit II · BiologyNutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals, with the diagrams examiners expect: the heart, the nephron, the alimentary canal. A wrong or missing label costs marks in long answers.
- Nutrition
- Respiration
- Circulation
- Excretion
Control, reproduction and heredity
Unit II · BiologyNerves, reflexes and hormones in animals, tropic movements in plants, reproduction and reproductive health, and Mendel's crosses with sex determination. Genetics rewards a neat cross; coordination rewards events in order.
- Reflex arc
- Plant hormones
- Reproduction
- Mendel's crosses
Light, the eye and the prism
Unit III · PhysicsMirror and lens images and formulae, refractive index and lens power, then the human eye, dispersion and scattering. Sign convention costs more marks here than the physics itself.
- Ray diagrams
- Defects of vision
- Dispersion and scattering
Electricity and its magnetic effects
Unit IV · PhysicsOhm's law, resistivity, series and parallel resistors, heating and electric power, then magnetic fields of wires and solenoids, Fleming's left-hand rule and domestic circuits. Circuit questions reward a neat, labelled method.
- Ohm's law
- Series and parallel
- Solenoids
Our environment
Unit V · BiologyEcosystems, food chains and energy flow between trophic levels, ozone depletion, waste, and biodegradable substances. Its five marks often come through a food-chain calculation that a prepared learner answers quickly.
- Food chains
- Energy flow
- Ozone layer
- Waste